how other states handle the public/private topic

[kaching]

highschoolsports.cleveland.com/news/article/-4000324031846785879/ohsaas-competitive-balance-referendum-the-latest-round-in-a-national-fight-between-public-and-private-schools/

(States without a modification for private schools, no current plans to add one, or no noteworthy history with the issue are listed as NM.)
Alabama: The first state to adopt a multiplier (1999). A 1.35 multiplier is applied to all private school enrollments. The state association settled on 1.35 due to date that indicated athletic participation in private schools is 35 percent higher than at public schools.
Alaska: NM
Arizona: NM
Arkansas: Non-public schools with 80 or more students in grades 10-12 are moved up one classification. A multiplier was used in the past, leading to a court battle. The state association was sued by a school that was moved up two classifications and won three football games with a roster of 25 players. The court ruled that the multiplier was not unconstitutional.
California: NM
Colorado: Competitive balance is an ongoing debate. A private school success advancement system was voted down in 2013.
Connecticut: A 2.0 multiplier is applied to basketball only. Also, a point system based on tournament success is used to further adjust enrollment.
Delaware: NM
District of Columbia: NM
Florida: Has separation of private and public schools in select sports among small schools.
Georgia: Ended a 1.5 multiplier formula for private schools in 2008 after eight years. Data showed that the multiplier did not impact the percentage of private schools winning state titles. Separation of private and public schools in the state's small-school division was approved in 2012.
Hawaii: Each island sets rules for reaching state tournaments. Most have publics and privates compete with each other.
Idaho: NM
Illinois: A 1.65 multiplier is applied to private and non-boundaried schools in all sports. The state association was sued by 37 schools in 2005, leading to a settlement requiring that the multiplier go to a vote of member schools. It passed. A success advancement system was later added to alter division placement based on a team's recent postseason success. Schools may petition to move up a classification.
Indiana: A success advancement system is used, requiring that teams in all sports to move up a classification based on postseason performance.
Iowa: NM
Kansas: Proposals have been made to separate public and private schools, or move private schools into higher classifications.
Kentucky: NM
Louisiana: There has been talk in recent years of private schools forming their own association.
Maine: The state association is on record as opposing separation of public and private schools.
Maryland: Separate tournaments and state associations for public and private schools.
Massachusetts: NM
Michigan: Schools have the option to move up a division.
Minnesota: A reverse multiplier is used to reduce enrollment in some schools. The formula is based on the number of students in a school activity program and the number registered for free or reduced lunch.
Mississippi: The state association has 13 private schools. A group of school administrators failed to ban private schools from joining the state association in 2013. Other privates compete in an independent state association that also features schools from Arkansas and Louisiana.
Missouri: A 1.35 multiplier is applied to private schools in all sports. An additional 2.0 multiplier is applied to single-sex schools. A court ruled that the multipliers were not unconstitutional.
Montana: NM
Nebraska: Multiplier and other enrollment adjustment proposals have been defeated.
Nevada: A point system, based on recent success, is used to move teams up or down a division every two years.
New Hampshire: NM
New Jersey: There are multiple classifications and tournaments for public and non-public schools. Some sports bring multiple state champions together to create a Tournament of Champions.
New Mexico: NM
New York: There are multiple athletic associations, one of which is affiliated with the National Federation of High Schools. It slots non-public schools into divisions based on past success, enrollment and level of competition.
North Carolina: The state association does not allow non-boarding parochial schools to provide financial aid to athletes. There are also separate associations for independent and Christian schools.
Ohio: A competitive balance referendum is up for vote by state principals for the fourth consecutive year. The current plan includes sports-specific multipliers for football, volleyball, basketball, baseball, softball and soccer.
North Dakota: NM
Oklahoma: A state association committee is exploring reclassification in all sports.
Oregon: The state association rejected a multiplier proposal in 2012.
Pennsylvania: Competitive balance remains an ongoing issue. Prior to 1972, parochial schools competed in a separate association. The state government stopped a proposed return to split associations in 2000.
Rhode Island: NM
South Carolina: There is an independent school state association, but privates and publics also compete together in a separate association.
South Dakota: NM
Tennessee: Schools are split into two divisions: Division I for publics and privates that don't provide financial aid, and Division II for privates that offer financial aid. A 1.8 multiplier is applied to privates in Division I.
Texas: There are separate associations for public and private schools, but the public association is exploring the idea of including private schools.
Utah: NM
Vermont: NM
Virginia: There are separate tournaments and state associations for public and private schools.
Washington: NM
West Virginia: NM
Wisconsin: Separation of public and private schools ended in the 1990s. The state association created a committee in 2014 to examine competitive balance after a multiplier formula was proposed.
Wyoming: NM

 

[kaching]

and from the NFHS

State Associations Continue Quest for Competitive Balance of Schools
By Mike Dyer on October 13, 2015
Not surprisingly, the competitive balance of schools in high school sports is a frequent conversation topic at National Federation of State High School Associations (NFHS) meetings each year. Otherwise known as the public school vs. private school issue, NFHS-member state high school associations in many states have regularly attempted to “level the playing field” to offset the perceived advantages of private schools.

“There is a great deal of interest in (establishing competitive equity) by all the state associations,” said Bob Gardner, NFHS executive director. “Though there have been numerous proposals, none have been a cure-all or a perfect solution.”

The NFHS has an advisory role when it comes to state associations attempting to find a better system for competition within high school athletics.

“Each state is really unique,” Gardner said. “We try to be the conduit to provide information and share that collectively.”

Some states have implemented procedures that address competitive balance, while others are considering their options or have yet to implement a system.

Indiana is in its third year of competition under the provisions of Rule 2-5, which provides for a reclassification of schools in team sports based on their previous tournament success. Schools are assigned a point value for the final level of the tournament series (sectional championship up through state championship) during a previous reclassification period.

“The percentages of private champions in team sports where Rule 2-5 is in effect has dropped to 35 percent over the 18 years of multiple class sports,” said Bobby Cox, commissioner of the Indiana High School Athletic Association. “Football still hovers around 40 percent.”

The IHSAA has never used a multiplier to classify school enrollments, Cox said. The only item being discussed as a modification to the success factor is to limit the number of classes a school may move down to one per cycle.

In Illinois, a multiplier (1.65) has been in place for non-boundary schools (private schools) for about a decade to determine their postseason class, according to Matt Troha, assistant executive director of the Illinois High School Association.

The number is still the same today, but a series of waivers has been added. Illinois is looking at each non-boundary school’s program sport-by-sport. If there is enough success, they are multiplied, but if they haven’t had that, they are not.

“A new step that was added this year is that non-boundary programs that have reached the state finals twice in four years, including at least one appearance in the past two seasons, move up one class,” Troha said.

The Georgia High School Association recently passed a play-up penalty for all member schools – public and private.

“It’s fairly simple: Any school that takes more than three percent of its students from outside the county in which the school is physically located will have to move up one classification from where its enrollment numbers place it,” said Steve Figueroa, director of media relations for the GHSA.

Figueroa said the rule is called the “Attendance Zone Restriction” but it does not apply to any schools in the smallest classification (Class A) since that class already employs a public/private split during the playoffs.

“We have been holding separate public/private playoffs in Class A for three years now and it seems to be very popular,” Figueroa said.

Georgia still has about 20 percent of its schools that win 100 percent of the state titles, Figueroa said. A 1.5 multiplier to private schools was stopped after a couple years when it proved to be ineffective, according to Figueroa.

The GHSA has started to gather the enrollment figures and the out-of-county percentages for each school, and it is anticipated that all private school members above Class A will be affected and therefore will move up one class.

“We hope that will ease the public/private problems a bit,” Figueroa said. “We will see.”

Minnesota’s system has been in place for 15 years and uses a free-and-reduced lunch program to account for socioeconomic factors. Minnesota has Class AA and A - the top 128 enrollment schools are in Class AA.

The Minnesota Department of Education furnishes the 9-12 full enrollment numbers and the 9-12 free-and-reduced numbers.

“It is a system that has been used for so long, it is an accepted practice by member schools of the Minnesota State High School League,” said Communications Coordinator Tim Leighton.

In Ohio, principals approved a proposal that uses a multiplier formula for adjusting enrollment numbers based on where the student’s parents reside and/or the educational system history of the student. All schools are subject to the factors of the formula, which will be applied in football, soccer, volleyball, basketball, baseball and softball.

Tim Stried, Ohio High School Athletic Association director of information services, said the plan, which is scheduled to start in 2016-17, addresses how non-public schools obtain their students compared to public schools.

Since 2000, non-public schools have won 42 percent of the state titles though they make up only 17 percent of the membership. In girls volleyball, 75 percent of the state championships since 2000 have been claimed by non-public schools.

Other states are reviewing options and information each school year.

In Utah, a proposal to consider success as a factor in realignment for public and private schools did not pass. The Utah High School Activities Association does not use a multiplier for public or private schools, according to Assistant Director Josh Taylor. Utah entered a new alignment this school year.

“But being at the beginning of a new alignment, we are in the process of researching multipliers and other states’ alignments for informational purposes ourselves,” Taylor said.

The Nebraska School Activities Association (NSAA) has held several classification review meetings to consider what alternative processes could be instituted to alleviate any of the perceived competitive balance issues, according to Assistant Director Sarah Sasse-Kildow.

“The NSAA is currently involved in a classification study that may reach into the public-private debate, but certainly will take a look at enrollment ratios from top to bottom in each classification,” Sasse-Kildow said.

The conversations continue in Colorado, but there are no imminent votes on anything related to public and private schools. The Colorado High School Activities Association (CHSAA) has several bylaws that allow for a school to “play up” in classification if it feels it warrants that move, according to CHSAA Assistant Commissioner Bert Borgmann.

If a school has a four-year history of being below a .250 winning percentage and other factors, it can request to “play down” a classification but cannot qualify for the state playoffs.

In Wisconsin, a group was assigned to study competitive balance in late spring 2014, according to Todd Clark, Wisconsin Interscholastic Athletic Association (WIAA) director of communications. Clark said the group studied other state models and other potential solutions to the perceived imbalance.

A plan for a success factor and promotion to a higher division was approved by the WIAA Board of Control in late 2014 and brought to the WIAA annual meeting in late April 2015. Before it was voted upon, the proposal was replaced with a multiplier amendment, which was defeated by nearly a 2-1 margin.

“So it remains status quo with divisional placements determined by enrollment,” Clark

 

[BoosterBosko]

Pennsylvania: Competitive balance remains an ongoing issue. Prior to 1972, parochial schools competed in a separate association. The state government stopped a proposed return to split associations in 2000.

Youre darn right about that!! I was a HUGE supporter of that proposal!

 

[Veer2Eternity]

highschoolsports.cleveland.com/news/article/-4000324031846785879/ohsaas-competitive-balance-referendum-the-latest-round-in-a-national-fight-between-public-and-private-schools/

(States without a modification for private schools, no current plans to add one, or no noteworthy history with the issue are listed as NM.)
Alabama: The first state to adopt a multiplier (1999). A 1.35 multiplier is applied to all private school enrollments. The state association settled on 1.35 due to date that indicated athletic participation in private schools is 35 percent higher than at public schools.
Alaska: NM
Arizona: NM
Arkansas: Non-public schools with 80 or more students in grades 10-12 are moved up one classification. A multiplier was used in the past, leading to a court battle. The state association was sued by a school that was moved up two classifications and won three football games with a roster of 25 players. The court ruled that the multiplier was not unconstitutional.
California: NM
Colorado: Competitive balance is an ongoing debate. A private school success advancement system was voted down in 2013.
Connecticut: A 2.0 multiplier is applied to basketball only. Also, a point system based on tournament success is used to further adjust enrollment.
Delaware: NM
District of Columbia: NM
Florida: Has separation of private and public schools in select sports among small schools.
Georgia: Ended a 1.5 multiplier formula for private schools in 2008 after eight years. Data showed that the multiplier did not impact the percentage of private schools winning state titles. Separation of private and public schools in the state's small-school division was approved in 2012.
Hawaii: Each island sets rules for reaching state tournaments. Most have publics and privates compete with each other.
Idaho: NM
Illinois: A 1.65 multiplier is applied to private and non-boundaried schools in all sports. The state association was sued by 37 schools in 2005, leading to a settlement requiring that the multiplier go to a vote of member schools. It passed. A success advancement system was later added to alter division placement based on a team's recent postseason success. Schools may petition to move up a classification.
Indiana: A success advancement system is used, requiring that teams in all sports to move up a classification based on postseason performance.
Iowa: NM
Kansas: Proposals have been made to separate public and private schools, or move private schools into higher classifications.
Kentucky: NM
Louisiana: There has been talk in recent years of private schools forming their own association.
Maine: The state association is on record as opposing separation of public and private schools.
Maryland: Separate tournaments and state associations for public and private schools.
Massachusetts: NM
Michigan: Schools have the option to move up a division.
Minnesota: A reverse multiplier is used to reduce enrollment in some schools. The formula is based on the number of students in a school activity program and the number registered for free or reduced lunch.
Mississippi: The state association has 13 private schools. A group of school administrators failed to ban private schools from joining the state association in 2013. Other privates compete in an independent state association that also features schools from Arkansas and Louisiana.
Missouri: A 1.35 multiplier is applied to private schools in all sports. An additional 2.0 multiplier is applied to single-sex schools. A court ruled that the multipliers were not unconstitutional.
Montana: NM
Nebraska: Multiplier and other enrollment adjustment proposals have been defeated.
Nevada: A point system, based on recent success, is used to move teams up or down a division every two years.
New Hampshire: NM
New Jersey: There are multiple classifications and tournaments for public and non-public schools. Some sports bring multiple state champions together to create a Tournament of Champions.
New Mexico: NM
New York: There are multiple athletic associations, one of which is affiliated with the National Federation of High Schools. It slots non-public schools into divisions based on past success, enrollment and level of competition.
North Carolina: The state association does not allow non-boarding parochial schools to provide financial aid to athletes. There are also separate associations for independent and Christian schools.
Ohio: A competitive balance referendum is up for vote by state principals for the fourth consecutive year. The current plan includes sports-specific multipliers for football, volleyball, basketball, baseball, softball and soccer.
North Dakota: NM
Oklahoma: A state association committee is exploring reclassification in all sports.
Oregon: The state association rejected a multiplier proposal in 2012.
Pennsylvania: Competitive balance remains an ongoing issue. Prior to 1972, parochial schools competed in a separate association. The state government stopped a proposed return to split associations in 2000.
Rhode Island: NM
South Carolina: There is an independent school state association, but privates and publics also compete together in a separate association.
South Dakota: NM
Tennessee: Schools are split into two divisions: Division I for publics and privates that don't provide financial aid, and Division II for privates that offer financial aid. A 1.8 multiplier is applied to privates in Division I.
Texas: There are separate associations for public and private schools, but the public association is exploring the idea of including private schools.
Utah: NM
Vermont: NM
Virginia: There are separate tournaments and state associations for public and private schools.
Washington: NM
West Virginia: NM
Wisconsin: Separation of public and private schools ended in the 1990s. The state association created a committee in 2014 to examine competitive balance after a multiplier formula was proposed.
Wyoming: NM

Tennessee is doing it right

 

[JNreturns]

Kansas - Bishop Miege in Class 4A out of 7 classes? Bahaha. A multiplier model or "move up" provision would be better there.

 

[STL_Dan]

Kansas - Bishop Miege in Class 4A out of 7 classes? Bahaha. A multiplier model or "move up" provision would be better there.

I'm sure you know, but many others may not - Miege just won their 5th straight C4
state title in football. You should also see the damage they've done recently and historically in the past in both boys and girls basketball. Domination.

 

[JNreturns]

CONGRATS TO LADUE #1 RANKED PUBLIC TEAM IN THE STATE.

 

[JNreturns]

Even if we play
so far over our heads...
that our noses bleed
for a week to ten days...
even if God in heaven above...
comes down and points His hand
at our side of the field...
even if every man,
woman and child...
held hands together
and prayed for us to win...
it just wouldn't matter...
because all the really
good-looking girls...
would still go out
with a guy from Mohawk(See rich private schools).
'cause they got all the money!

 

[BoosterBosko]

Even if we play
so far over our heads...
that our noses bleed
for a week to ten days...
even if God in heaven above...
comes down and points His hand
at our side of the field...
even if every man,
woman and child...
held hands together
and prayed for us to win...
it just wouldn't matter...
because all the really
good-looking girls...
would still go out
with a guy from Mohawk(See rich private schools).
'cause they got all the money!

Im just going to get ahead of everyone now. That is NOT ME in Joey's GIF!!

 

[Duck_walk]

CONGRATS TO LADUE #1 RANKED PUBLIC TEAM IN THE STATE.

Enrollment 1300 in class 4.

 

[Eagles_Ball]

Tennessee is doing it right

I like NJ.

 

[sw5890]

I read an article not long ago where the success modifier actually backfired in Illinois because it moved up one private school into a division that had been mostly dominated by public schools. That private school still won their new division and a different private school was winning their old division. So actually more championships were being won by private schools.

At a public school the enrollment number correlates with the size of the district and loosely with the potential talent pool (not factoring in participation rates). So the whole multiplier thing doesn't make a lot of sense to me because using enrollment doesn't make a ton of sense at the private school level since they don't have boundaries.

 

[kaching]

I thought that minnesota's reverse multiplier was interesting. Based on socioeconomic factors and squad size.